Resources
Learn more about the emergence of antibiotics resistance using these online resources:
The antibiotics we are using
CIPROFLOXACIN - A broad-spectrum antibiotic, inhibits DNA gyrase and type II topoisomerase necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division (the concentrations we use are 0.016, 0.064, and 0.256 ug/ml).
KANAMYCIN -This is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Binding interferes with protein translation (the concentrations we use are 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ug/ml)
CHLORAMPHENICOL - A bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits growth of bacteria. Bind to the 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis (the concentrations we use are 4, 12, and 36 ug/ml)
COMBINATION THERAPY - A mix of all three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol). The drug cocktail has multiple targets inside the cell.
Wikipedia has excellent entries on antibiotics, drug resistance, long-term evolution experiments. As well as each of the antibiotics we use (ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol)
Youtube lectures
